10 June 20, 20:27
Coronavirus vaccine: a bit of information and status
CNN's Health Correspondent, Holly Yan shares us rlevant information on COVID-19 vaccine.
When will a Covid-19 vaccine be available to the public?
No one's sure yet, but the target is sometime in early 2021. Vaccines in development around the world are in various stages of testing. Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said he's confident one of the vaccine candidates will be proven safe and effective by the first quarter of 2021.
Why does it take so long to develop a vaccine?
Vaccines have to go through multi-phase trials to make sure they're effective and safe. Typically, a vaccine takes eight to 10 years to develop, said Dr. Emily Erbelding, an infectious disease expert at the NIAID.
Here's how the process typically works:
First, a vaccine is usually tested in animals before humans. If the results are promising, a three-phase trial in humans will begin:
Phase 1: The vaccine is given to a small group of people to assess safety and, sometimes, immune system response. If things go well, researchers move on to:
Phase 2: This phase increases the number of participants -- often into the hundreds -- for a randomized trial. More members of at-risk groups are included. "In Phase II, the clinical study is expanded and vaccine is given to people who have characteristics (such as age and physical health) similar to those for whom the new vaccine is intended," according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
What are the dangers of rushing the process?
History has shown that vaccines developed or distributed in a hurry can lead to unintended consequences:
-- In 2017, a rushed campaign to vaccinate about 1 million children for mosquito-borne dengue in the Philippines was stopped for safety reasons. The Philippine government indicted 14 state officials in connection with the deaths of 10 vaccinated children, saying the program was launched "in haste."
-- In 1976, the US was dealing with a novel swine flu outbreak. President Gerald Ford's administration ignored a warning from the World Health Organization and vowed to vaccinate "every man, woman and child in the United States" against the new virus. After 45 million people were vaccinated, researchers discovered a disproportionately high number of them -- about 450 people -- had developed Guillain-Barré syndrome
So how do we safely speed up the process?
"No vaccine is going to be put forward unless it's been checked out very thoroughly, both in terms of 'Is it safe?' and 'Does it protect you?'" said Collins, the director of the National Institutes of Health.
Scientists are trying to find safe ways of speeding up the typical processes.
Who's making the vaccines?
Dozens of research teams from around the world are working to develop or test coronavirus vaccines. As of early June, there were more than 120 candidate vaccines. "Because we have a number of these (trials), and they all use a different strategy, I am optimistic that at least one, maybe two, maybe three will come through looking like what we need," Collins said.
More below,
https://edition.cnn.com/2020/06/08/healt...index.html
CNN's Health Correspondent, Holly Yan shares us rlevant information on COVID-19 vaccine.
When will a Covid-19 vaccine be available to the public?
No one's sure yet, but the target is sometime in early 2021. Vaccines in development around the world are in various stages of testing. Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said he's confident one of the vaccine candidates will be proven safe and effective by the first quarter of 2021.
Why does it take so long to develop a vaccine?
Vaccines have to go through multi-phase trials to make sure they're effective and safe. Typically, a vaccine takes eight to 10 years to develop, said Dr. Emily Erbelding, an infectious disease expert at the NIAID.
Here's how the process typically works:
First, a vaccine is usually tested in animals before humans. If the results are promising, a three-phase trial in humans will begin:
Phase 1: The vaccine is given to a small group of people to assess safety and, sometimes, immune system response. If things go well, researchers move on to:
Phase 2: This phase increases the number of participants -- often into the hundreds -- for a randomized trial. More members of at-risk groups are included. "In Phase II, the clinical study is expanded and vaccine is given to people who have characteristics (such as age and physical health) similar to those for whom the new vaccine is intended," according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
What are the dangers of rushing the process?
History has shown that vaccines developed or distributed in a hurry can lead to unintended consequences:
-- In 2017, a rushed campaign to vaccinate about 1 million children for mosquito-borne dengue in the Philippines was stopped for safety reasons. The Philippine government indicted 14 state officials in connection with the deaths of 10 vaccinated children, saying the program was launched "in haste."
-- In 1976, the US was dealing with a novel swine flu outbreak. President Gerald Ford's administration ignored a warning from the World Health Organization and vowed to vaccinate "every man, woman and child in the United States" against the new virus. After 45 million people were vaccinated, researchers discovered a disproportionately high number of them -- about 450 people -- had developed Guillain-Barré syndrome
So how do we safely speed up the process?
"No vaccine is going to be put forward unless it's been checked out very thoroughly, both in terms of 'Is it safe?' and 'Does it protect you?'" said Collins, the director of the National Institutes of Health.
Scientists are trying to find safe ways of speeding up the typical processes.
Who's making the vaccines?
Dozens of research teams from around the world are working to develop or test coronavirus vaccines. As of early June, there were more than 120 candidate vaccines. "Because we have a number of these (trials), and they all use a different strategy, I am optimistic that at least one, maybe two, maybe three will come through looking like what we need," Collins said.
More below,
https://edition.cnn.com/2020/06/08/healt...index.html
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